Archives
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Multiple lines of evidence now indicate that mitochondrial
2020-09-19
Multiple lines of evidence now indicate that mitochondrial decay is a fundamental factor that leads to alterations in energy metabolism in the aged heart (Hagen et al., 2002, Judge and Leeuwenburgh, 2007, Lesnefsky et al., 2001c). Nevertheless, the exact biochemical events that cause such an alterat
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It should be noted that there are other methods
2020-09-19
It should be noted that there are other methods, such as artificial intelligence, like Artificial Neural Networks/ANN (such as PSO-ANN, ICA-ANN), Least Square Support Vector Machine/LSSVM, etc. [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], or molecular simulations, for modeling the fluid\'s
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An ideal CHK inhibitor would be minimally
2020-09-19
An ideal CHK-1 inhibitor would be minimally cytotoxic, while enhancing the anti-tumor effect of a real cytotoxic agent that would be used in combination with the inhibitor. Our CHK-1 inhibitors have shown excellent selectivity over a panel of kinases including those regulating the cell cycle, but th
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Olanzapine receptor Determination of relative potency EC
2020-09-19
Determination of relative potency (EC50) by dose response assays in vitro is subject to the same sources of variability as determination of affinity, since the EC50 and Hill slope of the dose response curve are highly dependent on the binding of ligand to a competing receptor that may be present, an
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ERK and p MAPK signaling pathways play critical role
2020-09-19
ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways play critical role in genesis and metastasis of melanoma (Tang et al., 2018). >50% of melanoma beta amyloid (Abildgaard and Guldberg, 2015) show abnormal activity of BRAF-RAS-RAF to activate MEK signal that drives the growth-promoting extracellular signal-regulat
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Previously we have described increased expression
2020-09-19
Previously, we have described increased expression of both cytokine and chemokine mRNA (e.g. MCP-5 and fractalkine) in the left ventricle of male EP4-KO mice with dilated cardiomyopathy [2]. Takayama et al. [31] have shown that PGE2 potently inhibits cytokine/chemokine secretion (MCP-1, interleukin
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More than thirty enzymes with PLA activity have been describ
2020-09-19
More than thirty enzymes with PLA2 activity have been described and, based on sequence similarities, they are currently classified in 16 groups, each containing several sub-groups [16]. However, based on biochemical features these enzymes are frequently grouped into six major families: secreted phos
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It is particularly notable that CYP D
2020-09-18
It is particularly notable that CYP2D6 appears to be the most stable of the major CYP450 stock solution calculator in its expression over time in vitro and appears to be least affected by culture conditions and sample to sample variability (i.e., CYP2D6 expression is remarkably consistent over time
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br Cytokines potent mediators of ILC function The different
2020-09-18
Cytokines – potent mediators of ILC function The different ILC players are portrayed in three categories, ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3, based on the cytokines they produce and transcription factors (TFs) that guide their differentiation [8] (Figure 1). Cytokines are the most extensively studied stimuli fo
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Among the Ub interactions observed in the HOIP
2020-09-18
Among the ~Ub interactions observed in the HOIP structure is one that involves a RING2 domain (from the non-cognate HOIP) [47]. A similar binding interaction was defined between HHARI RING2 and the hydrophobic patch on Ub by NMR [54]. HHARI RING2 mutations that ablate the interaction inhibit formati
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The Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
2020-09-18
The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is an important farmed fish with an XX/XY sex-determining system. The availability of the whole genome sequence of tilapia and tissue transcriptomes (Brawand et al., 2014), together with its gonadal transcriptomes at different developmental stages (Tao et al.
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The overall poor outcomes in ESCC are thought because of
2020-09-18
The overall poor outcomes in ESCC are thought because of a combination of late diagnosis, aggressiveness of the disease, and a lack of effective treatment strategies for systemic disease. Several molecular pathways, such as epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and p5
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Cytochrome P CYP enzymes plays
2020-09-18
Cytochrome P450 (CYP-450) enzymes plays an essential role in pharmacology of drugs and toxicology of xenobiotics. Inhibition of these enzymes may lead to increase plasma levels of a concomitantly administered drug (Lee et al., 2013). It may prolong or reduce the pharmacological effects and increase
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Activating GSK signaling to inhibit
2020-09-17
Activating GSK3β signaling to inhibit PK signaling during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is protective of WM ischemic injury. Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3), which was the first substrate identified for AKT [44], is inhibited by AKT phosphorylation at positions S9 and S21 [45]. When GSK3β is active, it
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Endothelins ETs are peptides expressed in both the periphera
2020-09-17
Endothelins (ETs) are peptides expressed in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems, which can contribute to sensory changes seen in animal models of inflammatory, cancer and neuropathic pain [10], [11]. All three mammalian isoforms (ET-1, ET-2 and ET-3) activate specific G protein-coupl