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concentration calculator As a functional ETC is required
2020-01-17
As a functional ETC is required for DHODH catalysis (Loffler, Jockel, Schuster, & Becker, 1997; Rawls, Knecht, Diekert, Lill, & Loffler, 2000; Zameitat, Freymark, Dietz, Loffler, & Bolker, 2007), DHODH depends on the mitochondrial ETC to generate adequate concentrations of ubiquinone (Fig. 2). Cells
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To date methods for the simultaneous analysis of multiple pr
2020-01-17
To date, methods for the simultaneous analysis of multiple probe drugs in the plasma have been described by using HPLC-DAD or LC–MS/MS. Although previous cocktail methods have used combinations of those four or other probe drugs with LC–MS/MS methods, most of those studies focused on only the analys
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RQ What are the different
2020-01-17
RQ2: What are the different factors that influence the decision to choose among different component origins? In total eleven factors grouped into three high-level themes that influence the decision to choose a component origin were identified. The project metrics factors are: time, cost, effort and
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However the Moon is not the only possible source for
2020-01-17
However, the Moon is not the only possible source for space resources. Asteroids, in particular near-Earth asteroids (NEAs), can provide an alternative source for propellant and other materials, sometimes at lower cost. There are an expected 4000 NEAs that require less propellant (delta-V) per trip
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5α-dihydro-11-keto Testosterone In contrast to drospirenone
2020-01-17
In 5α-dihydro-11-keto Testosterone to drospirenone dydrogestrone acts rather neutral at the aldosterone-, glucocorticoid- and androgen-receptor [12]. This indicates that the assessment of a ‘net-overall effect’ on the vascular system is very difficult based on the often discussed ‘partial effects’
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In sum although it is reasonable to assume that the
2020-01-17
In sum, although it is reasonable to assume that the activities of an enzyme on alternative (metabolically available) substrates may often depend on neutral drift, the point is difficult to prove because various types of selective pressures can be at play, and these will be different in different or
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Enolase as a plasminogen receptor and
2020-01-17
Enolase, as a plasminogen receptor and activator localized on the surface of several helminths, can interact with the host fibrinolytic system (Yang et al., 2010, Du et al., 2009, de la Torre-Escudero et al., 2010). The enzyme is also one of excretory/secretory (ES) products in some helminths, such
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br Experimental Procedures Further details and
2020-01-17
Experimental Procedures Further details and an outline of resources used in this work can be found in Supplemental Experimental Procedures. Introduction In response to T cell-dependent (TD) antigen stimulation, antigen-specific ppy migrate to the periphery of B cell follicles and interfollic
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br RING dimerization RING type domains are
2020-01-17
RING dimerization RING-type domains are found in many different structural contexts. While many exist as single-chain H-Lys(Z)-OH australia (Fig. 3A), a notable feature of RING-type E3s is their tendency to form homodimers and heterodimers (Fig. 3C–F). Homodimeric RING-type E3s include cIAP, RNF4
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Ubiquitin activating enzyme activates ubiquitin by
2020-01-17
Ubiquitin-activating enzyme activates ubiquitin by a three-step process with ATP as a cofactor (Chen et al., 2011, Haas and Rose, 1982, Haas et al., 1982). We demonstrated that ATP is required for mRFP-Ub–E1 formation under non-reducing conditions (Fig. 2A). A time course of radioactive ATP producti
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The E enzyme is the apex for
2020-01-17
The E1 enzyme is the apex for downstream enzymatic cascades and signaling pathways mediated by Ub and Ub-like proteins (Ubls) (Pickart, 2001). Studying characteristics of E1 and its catalytic functions may throw light to the role of ubiquitination in cell development. All known eukaryotic E1 are mon
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A different example of substrate dependent activation is see
2020-01-17
A different example of substrate-dependent activation is seen in CSN5, a JAMM-type DUB found in the eight subunit COP9 signalosome (CSN) [34]. The CSN deconjugates NEDD8 (neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated 8) from Cullin Ring ubiquitin E3 ligases (CRLs). Through this activ
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Based upon these findings on
2020-01-16
Based upon these findings on portions A and B, novel scaffolds of EP4 antagonist, and (R & R=()-Me; =Cl; R=H), shown in , were identified. We next focused on optimizing portion C of these scaffolds. We utilized for an alternative synthesis of nicotinamide scaffold , which is quite effective for
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Teriflunomide synthesis In general terms PLA s participate i
2020-01-16
In general terms, PLA2s participate in the Lands cycle of phospholipid fatty Teriflunomide synthesis recycling [1,15,25], whereby the fatty acid composition at the sn-2 position of phospholipids is tightly controlled by a balance between hydrolytic reactions mediated by PLA2s versus activation of t
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br Ultrasonic pretreatment of substrates Substrate pretreatm
2020-01-16
Ultrasonic pretreatment of substrates Substrate pretreatment is widely used in the biofuel, textile and food industries since the substrates are always difficult to degrade. During some enzymatic hydrolysis reactions, the protective layer of the substrate impedes the reaction. Ultrasonic treatmen